The Bhopal gas tragedy, including Sambhavna and Chingari trusts, was an important part of my life 1994 - 2011, with annual visits to Bhopal. When I was banned from India 2011, it became difficult for me to follow what actually happened. Although I have been able to come back since 2015 (except the pandemic years) to visit the family that has "adopted" me, I have not been able to catch up. Because of this, I have decided to finalize all kinds of engagements in the gas tragedy.
When I run into it, I might add important material here. Still in 2024, scientific papers on the disaster are published.
3Artikel: Shamsunissa, 74, överlevde världens dödligaste industriolycka: "Mina barn kunde inte andas" Dagens arbete 3.12.2024 [In Swedish]
Article: Public health in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: A long term analysis. Khan, Shiree. IJAEMS May-June 2024;10(4):06-07. A short summary of five references from 1993-2005.
Articles: Bhopal gas tragedy
A series of articles by Anup Dutta, enewsroom.in, July - September, 2023.
Video: Bhopal Gas Tragedy - who was responsible?
A video by Dhruv Rathee, that seems to be based on The Bhopal Saga. Jan 3, 2022.
Podcast: They knew which way to run (2022)
A 7-part podcast series that tells the story of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and what it means to survive a disaster. I contribute to episode 2 and later. Website Google Spotify Apple
Book: Ethics of Chemistry - from poison gas to climate engineering (World Scientific 2021) My contribution to this book is chapter 5: Corporate and governmental responsibilities for preventing chemical disasters: Lessons from Bhopal. Videoadvertisment Reviews Flyer
The electronic version from 2018
Article: Rethinking Bhopal - a process safety analysis of the Union Carbide Bhopal Plant Kenneth Bloch for The Bhopal Medical Appeal 2019
Article: Bhopal Gas Tragedy - the scar of process safety Loss Prevention Bulletin 269 Oct 2019 This article seems partially based on my book The Bhopal Saga.
Research: No conclusions can be made on the connection between chromosomal aberrations and exposure to MIC Effect of age at exposure on chromosomal abnormalities in MIC-exposed Bhopal population detected 30 years post-disaster Ganguly BB et al. Idem May 2018;809:32-50
Cytogenetic changes in the Bhopal population exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) in 1984: Then and 30 years later Ganguly BB, Mandal S. Mutation research/Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis Dec 2017;824:9-19
Book: Rethinking Bhopal: A definitive guide to investigating, preventing and learning from industrial disasters. Bloch, Kenneth. Elsevier 2016.
Article: The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review. Broughton, Edward. Environ Health 2005;4:6.
Svenska media
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Below is material copied from my static website, that is not possible to update. You find articles etc. in my CV.
THE BHOPAL DISASTER
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Om mig - about me
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BACKGROUND
During the night Dec 2-3, 1984, large amounts of water entered a tank containing 43 tonnes of Methyl isocyanate (MIC) in Union Carbide's plant in Bhopal, India. A strong chemical reaction started and a big cloud of toxic gases spread over the sleeping town. 500,000 people were exposed to the gases. 8,000 died within the first week, and 8,000 since. 100,000 have permanent injuries.
Today, Dow Chemical has taken over Union Carbide Corporation. The survivors fight for their right to full economic compensation and medical care. Together with other residents, they fight for Dow and the Government of India to clean up the polluted area and the ground water.
AM I A SAFETY RISK?
Since September 29, 2008, I have had difficulties to get visa. These problems seemed to be over - but in spite of my visa, I was not allowed to enter India in January 2011! Instead I was sent back to Sweden. Is it a crime for foreigners to support human rights in India? Please make comments in my blog!
When my "granddaughter" was going to marry in October 2015, the ambassador obtained permission for me to go to Bhopal "for strict private reasons". I missed the wedding but spent three marvellous December weeks with her and her relatives in Bhopal - first visit for nearly six years! Of course, I also visited my friends at Sambhavna and Chingari Trust. It might be a one time event - I don't know what will happen next time I apply for visa.
MY BLOGTEXTS ABOUT BHOPAL
(in Swedish and English) are found here.
The Bhopal Saga - the only book I have ever written.
In December 2004, this picture was on the first page of a large Indian paper.
THE BHOPAL SAGA - CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST INDUSTRIAL DISASTER
India: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-515-7.
This is the book I published in India on time for the 20th anniversary of the Bhopal Gas Leak in 1984. Since I was in Bhopal for the first time, as a member of the International Medical Commission on Bhopal 1994, I have collected all material that I could find. The list of references contains more than 200 items.
The Bhopal Saga contains little new information that has not been published before. But the material is structured, systematized and analysed. It covers the period from the Green Revolution during the 60s until 2003.
The Bhopal Saga covers technical, medical, economic, social, psychological and environmental aspects of the disaster.
I show that the figure for immediate deaths should be more than 8,000 people. The official figure is 4,000. I also show the whole range of diseases and symptoms that has hit the survivors, as well as the insufficient support from the Governments and Union Carbide.
My analysis shows that the causes of the leakage were the design of the plant and the economic pressure. The parties responsible for the magnitude of the disaster are Union Carbide Corporation and the Governments of India and Madhya Pradesh.The publisher is Universities Press (India) Private Ltd, Hyderabad. The book's royalty goes to Sambhavna Clinic.
READ
Read the manuscript DOI 10.13140/2.1.3457.5364
Read parts of The Bhopal Saga at books.google.com.
Review in Down To Earth, February 2005
Review in Environmental Health Perspectives, May 2005
ORDER "THE BHOPAL SAGA"
In India: Sambhavna Trust Clinic http://www.bhopal.org/contact
Outside India: Apex Press, USA www.cipa-apex.org/books/bhopal
Second hand Amazon
Or by the author eckerman@algonet.se
LIBRARIES
The Bhopal Saga is also found at some university libraries in USA, GB and Sweden.
In Bhopal, it is donated to Gandhi Medical College.
READ MORE
"Chemical Industry and Public Health - Bhopal as an example" is the title of my essay in MPH 2001. It is a shorter version of The Bhopal Saga (58 pages, 82 references).
Read the essay here.
"The Bhopal gas leak: Analyses of causes and consequences by three different models. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process industry 2005:18;213-217.
Read the abstract here. Read the text here.
The Bhopal Saga - causes and consequences of the world's largest industrial disaster. Abstract for 14th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2005:20; suppl. 1 p 92
"The Bhopal disaster 1984 - working conditions and the role of the trade unions" in Asian-Pacific newsletter on occupational health and safety, 2006:13(2);48-49. Read the article here.
"Bhopal Gas Catastrophy 1984: Causes and Consequences" in Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Elsevier 2011, p. 302-316. Read the abstract here.
"Bhopal Gas Catastrophe 1984: Causes and Consequences". Updated in Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2013. Read the abstract here.
Corporate and governmental responsibilities for preventing chemical disasters: Lessons from Bhopal. HYLE--International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2018), pp. 29-53.
PRESENTATIONS AND POSTERS
The Bhopal Saga (long version 2015)
The Bhopal Saga (short version)
Too late for good epidemiology from WONCA 2006, Firenze, Italy
Combining "complementary" medicine with western medicine
The Bhopal Disaster 1984 - Children's acute and chronic exposure to chemical substances
More presentations are found here
INTERVIEWS
Read an interview from 1999, the 15th anniversary (in Swedish) here
Read an interview from 2004, the 20th anniversary (in Swedish) here
Listen to an interview in Radio UPF 2006 (in Swedish) here.
THE BHOPAL 20TH ANNIVERSARY LIBRARY
Apex Press sells new and old books about the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
www.cipa-apex.org/books/bhopal
SAMBHAVNA
The Bhopal People's Health and Documentation Center. Here allopathic (western) medicine as well as Ayurvedic (traditional Indian) medicine and Yoga are offered to the victims. The clinic is financed by private contributions, mainly from the USA and Great Britain. It started on a very small scale but is steadily expanding. The new building was inaugurated in april, 2005.
Read more at English Wikipedia
Read "The Architecture of Healing", an article about the new buildings.
Sambhavna is supported by the Swedish Doctors for the Environment (LfM) www.lakareformiljon.se.
Economic contributions can be made on www.bhopal.org.
CHINGARI TRUST
Since 2005, disabled children to affected parents or living in the waterpolluted area, get treatment here. Support is also given to poor women.
Economic contributions can be made on www.chingaritrust.in.
BHOPAL2011
Workshop and symposium Jan 23 - Febr 4, 2011 with the purpose to find a "heritage form" for the plant area. See www.bhopal2011.in
WEBSITES
www.bhopal2011.in The website from the conference about how to make the plant site to a memorial site. Order the memorial book!
www.bhopal.net The official website of the International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal. It's the authoritative resource for Bhopal information, and contains the latest updates and events from around the world.
www.bhopal.org The official website of the Sambhavna clinic in Bhopal.
www.studentsforbhopal.org American students are active in the fight for the Bhopal survivors. Lots of information is available here.
www.chingaritrustbhopal.com Two surviving women started a clinic for treatment of children and supporting women.
Wikipedia about Bhopal disaster Here are a lot of facts about the catastrophe as well as links and recommended literature. The version from July 30, 2012 contains more reference material than the current version.
Wikipedia about IMCB Here is information on the International Medical Commission on Bhopal, 1994.
www.bhopal.com The official website of Union Carbide and Dow Chemical.
www.mp.gov.in/bgtrrdmp The official website of Bhopal Gas Tragedy Relief & Rehabilitation Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh
Bhopalkatastrofen Svenska Wikipedia
Den fruktansvärda natten i Bhopal Bra sammanfattning i Ny Teknik 2.12.2009
Photoes from 1984
Slide show Greenpeace
Webreportage
It happened in Bhopal part 1 27.8.2007 Youtube
It happened in Bhopal part 2 27.8.2007 Youtube
Film
Bhopali the movie Made in 2009
Bhopal - a prayer for rain Released 2014. A good documentary.
Updated July 17, 2015
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